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thumb The Charter of the United Nations is the foundational treaty of the intergovernmental organization; the United Nations. It was signed at the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center in San Francisco, United States, on 26 June 1945, by 50 of the 51 original member countries. (Poland, the other original member, which was not represented at the conference, signed it two months later.) It entered into force on 24 October 1945, after being ratified by the original five permanent members of the Security Council—the Republic of China (later replaced by the People's Republic of China), France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (later replaced by the Russian Federation), the United Kingdom, and the United States—and a majority of the other signatories. As a charter, it is a constituent treaty, and all members are bound by its articles. Furthermore, Article 103 of the Charter states that obligations to the United Nations prevail over all other treaty obligations.〔〔http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter16.shtml, Chap 16, Article 103〕 Most countries in the world have now ratified the Charter. ==Summary== The Charter consists of a ''preamble'' and a series of articles grouped into chapters.〔 The preamble consists of two principal parts. The first part contains a general call for the maintenance of peace and international security and respect for human rights. The second part of the preamble is a declaration in a contractual style that the governments of the peoples of the United Nations have agreed to the Charter and it is the first international document regarding human rights. *Chapter I sets forth the purposes of the United Nations, including the important provisions of the maintenance of international peace and security. *Chapter II defines the criteria for membership in the United Nations. *Chapters III-XV, the bulk of the document, describe the organs and institutions of the UN and their respective powers. *Chapters XVI and Chapter XVII describe arrangements for integrating the UN with established international law. *Chapters XVIII and Chapter XIX provide for amendment and ratification of the Charter. The following chapters deal with the enforcement powers of UN bodies: *Chapter VI describes the Security Council's power to investigate and mediate disputes; *Chapter VII describes the Security Council's power to authorize economic, diplomatic, and military sanctions, as well as the use of military force, to resolve disputes; *Chapter VIII makes it possible for regional arrangements to maintain peace and security within their own region; *Chapters IX and Chapter X describe the UN's powers for economic and social cooperation, and the Economic and Social Council that oversees these powers; *Chapters XII and Chapter XIII describe the Trusteeship Council, which oversaw decolonization; *Chapters XIV and Chapter XV establish the powers of, respectively, the International Court of Justice and the United Nations Secretariat. *Chapters XVI through Chapter XIX deal respectively with XVI: miscellaneous provisions, XVII: transitional security arrangements related to World War II, XVIII: the charter amendment process, and XIX: ratification of the charter 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Nations Charter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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